ABSTRACT
The hormonal and physiological changes that come with pregnancy are unique. The aim of this clinical investigation was to observe a correlation between dental pulpal pain and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Methods: Out of hundred pregnant females examined seventy four females were having tooth or teeth indicative of either pulpal therapy or root canal treatment (RCT). On explaining their dental status forty pregnant females with no pain or mild pain agreed to take dental treatment, they were grouped as Group A and the remaining thirty-four who were reluctant and refused dental treatment were classified in Group B. Results: In Group A, thirty-five pregnant got their dental treatment completed along with regular Obstetrics & Gynecological (Obs&Gyne) follow up. In Group B, twenty- four pregnant females were on regular Obstetric & Gynecological follow up and ten of them even did not turned up for either. In Group B twentytwo pregnant females turned back to seek dental treatment due to pain, inflammation or inability to chew food during third trimester which were pain free earlier. In Group A, three out of five also came back for dental treatment. All the data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using paired-t test and Pearson r correlation test. Conclusion: Significant difference was observed with reduced pain threshold during third trimester and +1 coefficient was found stating a significant relationship between dental pulpal pain and raised levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
The determination of working length and its maintenance during cleaning and shaping procedures is a key factor for successful endodontic treatment. The aim of this in- vitro study was to evaluate the utility and accuracy of Raypex5 electronic apex locator in determining the working length in comparison to conventional radiography and radiovisiography in posterior teeth. Methods: In this study sixty extracted mandibular first and second molars were used. Diagnostic images were obtained both by conventional radiography and radiovisiography (RVG) and tentative working length was obtained and recorded. After access opening actual root canal length was determined by both conventional radiography and RVG and recorded. Four blinded observers determined the working length in all samples with Raypex5 electronic apex locator. Then at that length file position was checked using RVG. Results: All the data collected was statistically analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Cronbach’s alpha reability analysis and student paired t-test. Conclusion: In this study it was found that Electronic apexlocator Raypex 92 %, RVG 74% and conventional radiograph was 70% accurate in measuring root canal length in posterior teeth.
ABSTRACT
Background: Duration of action of local anaesthetic is an important limiting factor in spinal anaesthesia. Dexmedetomidine, selective α 2- agonist has been recently used in addition to other adjuvants to prolong the duration of intrathecal local anaesthetics. Aim: To compare two different doses of dexmedetomidine added to heavy bupivacaine 0.5% intrathecally for femur surgeries. Methods: In this prospective double blind trial, one hundred and twenty patients were randomly allocated into two groups, D1 and D2. Group D1 received 12.5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 5 μg dexmedetomidine. Group D2 received 12.5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 10 μg dexmedetomidine. Results: Sensory and motor block were comparable in both groups in terms of characteristics like the highest level of sensory block achieved, time to achieve maximum sensory block and time of two segment regression, time to achieve maximal motor block and duration of regression to Bromage scale 0. However time of first analgesic request and total analgesic requirement were significantly reduced by increasing intrathecal dose of dexmedetomidine to 10 μg without any undesirable effects. Conclusion: Intrathecal dose of 10 μg dexmedetomidine provided an increased duration of sensory compared to 5μg dosing, with no significant increase in duration of motor blockade or the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia and any other undesirable side-effects.